czwartek, 19 maja 2016

The Church of the Holy Trinity in Żórawina

The Church of the Holy Trinity in Żórawina

The region of Lower Silesia, often called the Polish Loire Valley is full of famous castles, churches or monasteries, each with its own, mysterious history. Such names like Książ, Czocha or Chojnik are the real landmarks of the region and information about them are available in almost every travel guide of the area. In fact, the Region has more to offer, sometimes the smaller and forgotten towns and villages are hiding real architectural gems.




15 kilometers on the south-east of Wrocław, lies a small town called Żórawina, on the communication track, with the important A4 highway. This indistinctive location, which on the first impression is not really different from any other, typical Polish village, in its center possess  a unique building: The Church of the Holy Trinity.



 What is interesting in this building, even for people who are not fans of architecture, is one characteristic element: this church is localized on an island, fortified, with its own moat, and surrounded with high embankment, serving as a stronghold for the citizens during various wars and conflicts. Primarily, the complex consisted also a mansion and brewery, but it was deconstructed in the 1880, leaving it with the church and cemetery. The author of the fortification is Albrecht von Sabisch, the same  famous architect who was working of the construction of the Kłodzko Fortress. The portals to the Church are decorated with sculptures of roaring lions, which are protecting the entrance. Near the portals, there are steel “shame rims”, which were used as a form of punishment for petty criminals by chaining them in public view. The closeness of the church symbolized a humiliating exclusion not only from the society, but also from God. 


The church, which construction is estimated on the fourteenth century, is made of bricks and broken granite on the rectangular plan. Firstly it was built in Gothic, but in the fourteenth century was reconstructed in Mannerist style. Both styles are now mixed, creating an unique composition, completely unusual but harmonious and beautiful. This reconstruction was funded by Adam Hanniwaldt, the imperial Prussian advisor. The Hanniwaldt family were art experts, who employed a lot of remarkable artists and architects to build the church. Some of the furniture was imported  from Prague or Rome, including 17 paintings of the Passion of Christ from the early seventeenth century.



In the church we can observe the outlasted Renaissance murals of biblical scenes with plant ornaments and the images of the Wise and Foolish Virgins. The ceiling is presenting the scenes of the Final Judgment, and the church itself is equipped with richly decorated, Mannerist furniture: the interior altar finished with eagle-shaped verges and a sculptured group of the Holy Trinity, a pulpit decorated with Evangelist figures, Rococo confessionals and a side altar with the painting of Saint Apolonia Martyrdom. The upper level consists of a wooden matroneum, decorated with paintings of the Stations of the Cross.
Despite the combination of styles and periods within the temple, it creates an interesting and coherent composition.
The courtyard of the church, despite few tombstones of the former citizens, consist of a renovated  14 monuments of the Stations of the Cross, and couple handmade penitential crosses.

During the Second World War, the church was spared from destruction, but it was ransacked and a lot of valuable works of arts disappear. To prevent further plundering,  many relicts of the past were moved to museums in Brzeg, Wroclaw or Warsaw. There were plans to make the Church of the Holy Trinity the subsidiary of the Wroclaw National Museum, but unfortunately many art works or landmarks that were moved temporary to other locations never came back to the church. In the communism period, the church passed symbolic restoration works, but it came back to its former glory in year 1997 with establishing a foundation, which name was summing up the value of the church: The Pearl of Mannerism. After profound conservation works, with changing the entire roof and wall renovation , the church serves the community on normal basis during the year. During Easter, solemn processions of the Christ Passion take place, but because of the Church’s peaceful and charming surrounding, it is a popular place for weddings or movie sets.

The Church of Holy Trinity, because of its complicated history, combination of architectural styles, and unfortunate fate of its works of art, is indeed the Pearl of Mannerism, and it is worth visiting by every tourist during a trip to Lower Silesia.



 


 A.Ż




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